I have been watching the Quay brothers stop-motion animated shorts during the last two evenings and I am certain they are works of staggering artistry. To their influences already mentioned on this thread, I would add Escher, de Chirico, Freud, the German Expressionists, Russian Constructivism, Luis Buñuel, Arcimboldo and the baroque-era Wunderkammern. They excel at the use of typography, calligraphy and set design. It is insane how many art movements and sensibilities they have digested, even the shortest film- and they have films as short as one minute - is like a condensed art history lesson. And of course there is something simultaneously unnerving and pleasurable in their dark vision of chipped china dolls and frayed puppets enacting their hypnotic and incomprehensible dramas.
In chronological order, so you can experience the evolution of their work:
nocturna artificialia, 1979
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c98fOYDBwFg
Stravinsky - The Paris Years, 1983
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPMIZmEaTiY
Leoš Janáček: Intimate Excursions, 1983
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1jmqsb7UFo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8O77m2XWZI
The Cabinet of Jan Švankmajer, 1984
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYFZ4kIRaNg
The Epic of Gilgamesh, or This Unnameable Little Broom, 1985
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeEqe1-EL30
Street of Crocodiles, 1986
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgqmXK1pf7Y
Stille Nacht I: Dramolet, 1988
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFYuqqhNGeM
Rehearsals For Extinct Anatomies, 1988
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhkTMZOb924
The Comb, 1990
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaIXG-YaZjw
De Artificiali Perspectiva, or Anamorphosis, 1991
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqsiLNxi4Sw
Stille Nacht II: Are We Still Married?,1991
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9uf25wHhs0
Stille Nacht IV: Can't Go Wrong Without You, 1993
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pG_Npxq0kU8
Maska, 2010
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nQAgqyGVFE